Roman Catholic gay rights groups have hailed the paper as a breakthrough, but church conservatives called it a betrayal of traditional family values.
The document, prepared after a week of discussions at an assembly of 200 bishops, said the Church should challenge itself to find "a fraternal space" for homosexuals without compromising Catholic doctrine on family and matrimony…
While the text did not signal any change in the Church's condemnation of homosexual acts or gay marriage, it used less judgmental and more compassionate language than that seen in Vatican statements prior to the 2013 election of Pope Francis.
"Homosexuals have gifts and qualities to offer the Christian community: are we capable of welcoming these people, guaranteeing to them a further space in our communities? Often they wish to encounter a Church that offers them a welcoming home," said the document, known by its Latin name "relatio".
"Are our communities capable of proving that, accepting and valuing their s*xual orientation, without compromising Catholic doctrine on the family and matrimony?" it asked.
New Ways Ministry, a leading US Catholic gay rights group, called it a "major step forward", praising it for being devoid of the "major gloom and doom and apocalyptic horror" that accompanied previous Vatican pronouncements on gay people.
The London-based Catholic gay rights group QUEST called parts of it "a breakthrough in that they acknowledge that such unions have an intrinsic goodness and constitute a valuable contribution to wider society and the common good."
'Betrayal'
But John Smeaton, co-founder of the conservative group Voice of the Family, was less than happy with the Vatican's apparent change in direction.
"Those who are controlling the synod have betrayed Catholic parents worldwide," he said, calling it "one of the worst official documents drafted in Church history".
The Vatican document will be the basis for discussion for the second and final week of the bishops' assembly, also known as a synod. It will also serve for further reflection among Catholics around the world ahead of another, definitive synod next year.
A number of participants at the closed-door gathering have said the Church should tone down its condemnatory language when referring to gay couples and avoid phrases such as "intrinsically disordered" when speaking of homos*xuals.
That was the phrase used by former Pope Benedict in a document written before his election, when he was still Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger and head of the Vatican's doctrinal department.
The language and tone of Monday's document, read to the assembly in the presence of Pope Francis, appeared to show that the advocates of a more inclusive tone towards gays and Catholics in so-called "irregular situations"—such as unmarried couples and those who have divorced— had prevailed.
It said that the 1.2 billion-member Church should see the development of its position on homos*xuals as "an important educational challenge" for the global institution. While the Church continued to affirm that same-s*x unions "cannot be considered on the same footing as matrimony between man and woman", it should recognise that there could be positive aspects to relationships in same-s*x couples.
"Without denying the moral problems connected to homos*xual unions it has to be noted that there are cases in which mutual aid to the point of sacrifice constitutes a precious support in the life of the partners," the document said.
The paper also said there were "constructive elements" to heteros*xual couples who were married only in civil services or who were living together, but stressed that Church marriages were "the ideal".
Pope Francis has said the Church must be more compassionate with homos*xuals, saying last year, "If a person is gay and seeks God and has good will, who am I to judge."
Catholic Church is coming to a conclusion that homos*xual tendencies are not sinful, but the acts are.
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